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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mang_Yang_PassOrder of battleFrench forcesThe G.M.s (Groupement Mobile) were designed as self-sustaining motorized regimental task force unit modeled after the U.S. Army’s World War II combat commands. The G.M.s typically consisted of three infantry battalions with one artillery battalion, along with elements of light armor or tanks, engineer, signal and medical assets, totaling 3,000-3,500 soldiers. [1]
Units in the G.M.100 included:
- Korea Regiment, consisted of 1st and 2nd Korea Battalion formed from the elite veteran UN
Battalion de Coreé who fought earlier gloriously in the Korean War at Chipyong-ni, Wonju and Arrowhead Ridge.
- The
Battalion de Marche of the 43rd Colonial Infantry Regiment.
- 2nd Group of 10th Colonial Artillery Regiment.
- 3rd Squadron of 5th “Royal Poland” Armored Cavalry Regiment.
Viet Minh forcesThe Viet Minh 96th Regiment included:
- 40th Battalion.
- 79th Battalion.
- Two support companies (mortars, recoilless guns and bomb-launchers).
- A battalion of 120th Regiment (attached).
AmbushesJune 24: An Khe (Operation Églantine)With the fall of Dien Bien Phu complete and no French reserves available to stem the tide of the imminent Vietminh offensive into the central plateau, the French high command gave the order for G.M. 100 to evacuate An Khe and move to Pleiku, some 80 kilometers away over Route Coloniale 19.
G.M.100 departed An Khe at 0300 hours on 24 June, 1954. The 43rd Colonial led the column, followed by the 2nd Korea and the 1st Korea. All battalions had dismounted and were providing a screen for the Groupe’s vehicles. Each of the infantry battalions in G.M 100 had one artillery battery task organized to them. Also present in G.M 100’s formation was 520th TDKQ (Tieu Doan Khinh Quan or Commando Battalion). [2]
The Battle of Mang Yang Pass began at 1420. The Viet Minh 96th Regiment deployed along kilometer marker 15 (“PK15”) started the ambush with fierce and exact fire of mortars, recoilless guns, bomb-launchers and machine guns, caused heavy losses to the surprised French troops. In the opening minutes, the G.M’s communication truck was destroyed and all three ranking officers were put out of action: Colonel Barrou, G.M 100's CO was wounded, while Lt Colonel Lajouanie and Major Hipolite – CO and XO of the Korea Regiment were killed.
The 520th TDKQ broke and ran at the outset of hostilities. Other units were set in chaos. They tried to reorganize and make several piecemeal counter-attacks but failed and had to withdraw into a perimeter defense. French troops suffered heavy casualties from Viet Minh’s fire and infantry attacks.
At 1715, 1st and 2nd Korea battalions' COs received the order from French High Command to abandon vehicles and brake through to PK22 on foot to link up with G.M.42 and other French forces here. Both decided that trekking more than 10 kilometers through thick jungle and carrying the seriously wounded under enemy fire would create more casualties. They made the decision to leave the wounded on the road, along with all remaining medical supplies and any medical personnel volunteers willing to stay with them.
At 1900, the remaining soldiers of G.M. 100 broke out of the trap, splitted into platoon-sized groups under the command of an officer of senior NCO, to make the trek to PK 22 and reached it on June 25. [3]
June 28: Dak Ya-Ayun, Plei BonThe remmants of G.M 100, now with G.M 42 and the 1st Airborne Group had to brave 55 kilometers more of enemy road and was ambushed on June 28 at Dak Ya-Ayun by the Viet Minh 108th Regiment. The survivors finally reached Pleiku the following day.
In the Battle of Mang Yang Pass, G.M 100 lost 85 percent of vehicles, 100 percent of artillery, 68 percent of signal equipment and 50 percent of weapons were captured by Viet Minh. The Headquarters Company had only 84 men left out of an original 222. The 43rd Colonial, the 1st and the 2nd Korea Battalion which numbered about 834 men each, was now mustered at roll call with 452, 497, and 345 men respectively. The 2nd Group of the 10th Colonial Artillery, reduced to fighting as infantry after the loss of all of their guns, had shrunk from 475 men to 215 men during the fighting. Colonel Barrou and several men were taken as prisoners of war. [4]
The Viet Minh 96th Regiment suffered more than 100 KIAs.
July 17: Chu Dreh (Operation Myosotis)The ordeal for GM 100 was not over. The 1st Korea Battalion was ordered to take part in "Operation Forget-Me-Not" (Myosotis) to open Route Coloniale 14 between Pleiku and Ban Me Thuot. On July 17, the 450-man unit, which also mustered 47 vehicles including a few tanks, was ambushed again at Chu Dreh Pass by the Viet Minh 108th Regiment. The survivors, who entered Ban Me Thuot the following day, now numbered only 107 men, 53 of whom were wounded. The 1st Korea Battalion had ceased to exist.
References (Bổ sung thêm)
- Captain Kirk A. Luedeke, "Death on the Highway: The Destruction of Groupement Mobile 100". Armor Magazine, January-February 2001, pp. 22-29.
- Trung đoàn 96 và chiến thắng An Khê - Đắc Pơ (sẽ bổ sung thông tin cụ thể sau).
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